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2016
It is built from checkable properties of the record itself: whether the article has a DOI, how many independent sources confirmed its data, whether the required fields are filled in, and how recent the latest confirmation is. Disagreement between sources and a missing identifier lower it. A value of 80 or above means the record was published without further checking; 60 to 79 means it is published at reduced confidence, with a manual check advisable. A record verified by an editor by hand is never pushed below 90 by a recalculation. This scores our data about the article, not the article itself.
The article discusses the traditional, predominantly Islamic, educational system (with its maktabs and madrasahs) in Tashkent and Turkestan in general, prior to the region’s colonization by the Russians, and the (limited) effects of the colonial authorities’ attempts to impose their policy of Russification through the establishment of Russian-indigenous schools. The Russian policies in Turkestan resemble those of the French in Algeria, but they were less successful.