REVIEW: The problem of science in Kazakh ethical thought

Aslan Azerbayev, Гулжихан Нурышева, Nurfer Tercan, Assiya Akkuliyeva

Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum, 2026

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DOI 10.11590/abhps.2026.1.07

Data confidence 70 medium

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Abstract

This review aims to discuss the ontological and ethical problems of science in the philosophy of Kazakh thinkers of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These thinkers continued the Turkic-Muslim intellectual tradition of the colonial period and considered the nature of science in the context of ethics and enlightenment. Our particular focus is on the ideas of Abai Kunanbayev (1845–1904), Shakarim Kudaiberdiev (1858–1904), Sultanmakhmut Toraighyrov (1893–1920) and Alikhan Bukeikhanov (1886–1937). Kazakh ethical thought is analogous to the legacy of al-Farabi (870–950), who combined intellectual and ethical virtues.