Solid-phase microextraction as a green sample preparation strategy for volatile organic compound profiling in coffee: a review with AGREEprep-based evaluation

Yerkanat Syrgabek, Adrián Fuente-Ballesteros, Vânia Gomes Zuin

2026

Full text Open access: Gold Metadata (CSL-JSON)
DOI 10.1038/s41538-026-00984-4
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a solvent-free sample preparation technique increasingly applied in coffee analysis. This review examines recent studies (2020-2025) on SPME for volatile organic compound profiling in coffee. Coupled with GC-MS and chemometrics, SPME supports aroma characterization, authenticity evaluation, and sample classification. AGREEprep scores (0.29-0.73) suggest moderate greenness, highlighting SPME as a promising strategy with potential for greener and more sustainable coffee analysis.