Ultrasound and Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Antidiabetic and Hematopoietic Activity of Diphenhydramine Derivatives

Anuar Dauletbakov, Yelizaveta Belyankova, Saniya Tursynbek, Darya Zolotareva, Sarah Bayazit, Lyailya Baktybayeva, Ulan Kemelbekov, V. К. Yu, Nailya A. Ibragimova, Alexey Zazybin

Molecules, 2025

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DOI 10.3390/molecules30142967
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

This study presents the synthesis and antidiabetic and hematopoietic activity of ionic compounds based on 2-(diphenylmethoxy)-N,N-dimethylethanamine (diphenhydramine). Synthesis is carried out under ultrasonic (US) and microwave (MW) irradiation as well as using a conventional method (thermal activation). The synthesized ionic compounds have been tested for antidiabetic effect according to the inhibitory action against α-glucosidase and α-amylase (in vitro). All the synthesized derivatives of diphenhydramine showed higher inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase than commercially available diphenhydramine hydrochloride. Moreover, two of them, 1m (66.9%) and 1k (64.2%), had a greater inhibitory activity than the reference drug acarbose (51.8%). The hematopoietic activity was studied in albino laboratory female rats (in vivo). The compounds 1b, 1f, and 1k can restore immune blood cells (hematopoietic activity), equal to or exceeding that of the commercially available diphenhydramine hydrochloride and control (methyluracil).