Abstract
Simulation technologies are the backbone in designing and optimizing dynamic systems for their operational management in such a large number of industries. These conventional techniques can normally not bring in real-time information or provide support for a dynamic interaction between virtual and physical spaces. DT technology overcame this challenge by offering, in real time, a virtual replication of the physical systems to seamlessly assure bidirectional interactions. This paper reviews state-of-the-art methods in DT technologies, outlines methodologies for simulation of dynamic systems using DTs, and examines applications to manufacturing, healthcare, urban planning, and energy sectors. There are, however, a number of important challenges in the way of large-scale industrial adoption: data integration, scalability, security, and lack of standardization. The manuscript now looks at some of these challenges and suggests future directions, drawing from the need for robust frameworks, advanced computation techniques, and collaboration toward the full realization of the potential of Digital Twins.