Abstract
This article examines the digital transformation of government-to-business (G2B) interaction through a comparative institutional approach. Three national models are systematically compared: Kazakhstan (eGov.kz portal), Estonia (X-Road platform), and Singapore (Singpass and GoBusiness ecosystem). Drawing on transaction cost theory and institutional economics, the author assesses the impact of the digital regulatory environment on the business climate and administrative burden on entrepreneurs. It is argued that full implementation of the once-only principle significantly reduces transaction costs. The study concludes with practical recommendations for improving Kazakhstan’s G2B infrastructure based on international experience.