Abstract
This article examines Arabic-Persian borrowings in the political vocabulary of Turkish and Kazakh, two Turkic languages that shared a common historical substrate but followed divergent paths of standardisation during the twentieth century. Drawing on comparative-historical and lexical-semantic analysis, the study traces the etymological origins of a set of attested political terms, documents their phonological and morphological adaptation, and accounts for differences in their modern usage. The analysis shows that Arabic-Persian elements constitute a significant historical layer in both terminological systems, but that deliberate lexical replacement in Turkey and Soviet-period standardisation in Kazakhstan produced structurally distinct outcomes. These divergences carry implications for cross-linguistic interpretation in political and institutional discourse.