Spiritual Formation and Character Education: A Module Development for Christian Sunday School Children Based on Galatians 5:22–23

Pharos Journal of Theology, 2025

Full text Open access: Gold Metadata (CSL-JSON)
DOI 10.46222/pharosjot.106.4033
Data confidence 85 high
How this score is calculated

It is built from checkable properties of the record itself: whether the article has a DOI, how many independent sources confirmed its data, whether the required fields are filled in, and how recent the latest confirmation is. Disagreement between sources and a missing identifier lower it. A value of 80 or above means the record was published without further checking; 60 to 79 means it is published at reduced confidence, with a manual check advisable. A record verified by an editor by hand is never pushed below 90 by a recalculation. This scores our data about the article, not the article itself.

Abstract

This study aims to develop a character education module for Sunday school children rooted in Christian spiritual formation, using Galatians 5:22–23, the fruit of the Spirit, as its theological foundation. In response to the growing concern over moral development in children, especially in faith-based educational settings, the module integrates biblical principles with pedagogical approaches suitable for young learners. Employing the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation), the research includes a literature review, biblical exegesis, and field validation. The findings demonstrate that incorporating the fruit of the Spirit into structured Sunday school lessons significantly enhances the internalization of Christian virtues such as love, joy, peace, and self-control. This module offers a practical tool for teachers and church educators to nurture spiritual maturity and moral character in early childhood ministry. Theologically, it affirms the centrality of spiritual formation in Christian education and contributes to the discourse on faith-based curriculum development.