Abstract
The concept of «geographical preconditions» refers to factors that are formed from the geographical location of a particular region. Prerequisites may include climate, topography, soils, water resources, flora and fauna, and its geographic location relative to other regions. Geographical prerequisites influence various aspects of the life and activities of people in this region, as well as the development of the economy as a whole. The purpose of the article’s research is to consider theoretical and methodological approaches to defining the concept of a geographical factor and geographical prerequisites, the evolution of the view of the geographical factor in science, the changing role natural environment during the development of science. This study is important, since the importance of geographical premises will increase with the development of global forecasts associated with the analysis of natural resource shortages and global problems. The research methodology includes theoretical (deduction), comparative and logical methods. As a result of the study, a comparative table was compiled on changes in the approach to the interpretation of the concept of geographical factor. At the conclusion of the study, it was determined that, taking into account the development of society, the attitude towards the natural environment as an important source of existence for states has changed. The study has practical value for theoretical geography, since the geographical factor determines the possibility and limitation for the development of agriculture, industry, trade, and also influences lifestyle, culture and social relations.