Abstract
The presented article analyzes the novel “Pana” (The Refuge) by Qazhiqumar Shabdanuly, the founder of Kazakh written literature in China, from the point of view of rhetorical discourse. Since this is the first scientific article written about the novel “Pana” (A refuge), during the analysis, the plots related to the analyzed problem will be briefly described. In the artistic work, the pedagogy of the dialogues in the tradition of drawing out in the oratorical discourse, the dynamic nature of the question-answer structure based on opposition was clarified. In the work, the protagonist Zuka is portrayed with heroism and eloquence, blending the imagery of words and thoughts, imbuing them with mystery and charm, thus engaging the reader’s intellect and imagination. The novel conveys the profound artistic integrity that resonates powerfully through the artist’s words. Shabdanuly's writings therefore demonstrate the mindset and perspective of the XIX-century Altai bi-orators and Zuqa Batyr. Using particular approaches, this study looks at the aesthetic role that narrative and representational elements have within the rhetorical framework. The distinctive attributes of rhetorical discourse are delineated through theoretical differentiation of rhetorical structures and comparative analysis with other examples of oral literature. Our study delves deeply into the main characters of the narrative, particularly exploring Zuqa's inner thoughts and his relationship with the external environment. Through various analytical methods, we explore how the writer harmoniously employs artistic techniques within his work to address the issue of eloquent discourse. The article highlights the writer’s adept depiction of aitys-dialogues between Zhake bi-orator and Zuqa, strife over someone who was engaged but left for someone else, societal situations, and the historical context of their era. During the analysis, rhetorical expressions are categorized into five groups based on G. Kosymova’s classification of thematic and content groups, supported by specific examples. During the reign of the four biys and tor (descendant of khan) of the Kazakh people who inhabited Altai on Chinese territory, the story of Zuqa Batyr, who was characterised both by his oral sickle-tongued eloquence and his valiant heroism in caring for the country, is widely narrated. The narrative explores Zuqa's heroic exploits and his significant contributions to the community. Additionally, Zuqa Batyr’s eloquent words, exemplary deeds passed down to future generations, and his visionary leadership are discussed. Furthermore, his role in addressing social and familial issues, particularly his adeptness in resolving disputes involving orphans and widows, is highlighted. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the importance of oratorical discourse and its enduring impact on contemporary generations.