Abstract
This study examines the distribution and ecology of feral pigeons (Columba livia) in urban areas of Kazakhstan. Despite their global presence, feral pigeons have received limited attention from researchers. Understanding their distribution and ecological characteristics is crucial for managing their impact on urban ecosystems and assessing their potential as environmental indicators. This study employs open eBird data to analyse the occurrence and distribution of feral pigeons in major cities of Kazakhstan, particularly in Almaty and Astana. Data spanning from 2007 to 2021 provide insights into their distribution in these urban areas. The study assesses the percentage of occupied regions and the extent of their range, providing information about the degree of their presence. The findings suggest that feral pigeons are permanent residents in Kazakhstan and may exhibit migratory behavior. They have a stable and wide distribution, occupying various urban habitats. The study identifies areas with high concentrations of feral pigeons, indicating preferred locations within the cities. The findings of this study highlight the necessity for continued monitoring and research to elucidate the distribution patterns and potential as bioindicators of environmental pollution in anthropogenic landscapes. The obtained data can serve as a basis for managing and creating sustainable and harmonious urban ecosystems that support the diversity of bird species.