Abstract
This article discusses the theoretical aspects of using mechanical water purification to provide high-quality water for both industrial and domestic needs. Innovative approaches to the practical application of magnetic water treatment are rapidly developing in the modern world. This method is used to remove various deposits (carbonic acid salt, chloride salts and sulfates of Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ cations) in pipeline systems and various types of heating heated equipment. The reasons for the formation of deposits on the surfaces of heating equipment, pumps of borehole stations and pipelines is the presence of mineral salts of magnesium and calcium in the water. This is a problem for the thermal power industry, industrial and civil sectors. The resulting scale with a layer thickness of only 1 mm leads to an increase in fuel reserves for heating the coolant by 5-10% and, as a result, loads the hot water supply system. The magnetic water treatment method is an environmentally friendly, cost-effective and safe way to prevent scale formation and improve water quality in general. When exposed to water by a magnetic field, the structure of salts changes, which helps to reduce the formation of solid particles. Research shows that the magnetic field alters the morphology and adhesion of various types of deposits, such as calcium carbonate, converting calcite into aragonite. When the flow passes through a magnetic field, the structure of the hardness salts changes. These salts combine into a crystalline form, into aragonites. When heated, aragonite crystals do not settle in the form of scale. The changed structure of the salts gradually destroys the scale that had previously accumulated on the heating elements. The intensity of descaling depends on the amount of aragonite formed and the water flow rate.