Abstract
Background. Bilirubin is a byproduct of the breakdown of erythrocytes. Bilirubin levels can potentially serve as a biomarker for cardiovascular risk assessment. In this study, we would be investigating most recent manuscripts, published in the last 5 years, that studied association of serum bilirubin level to atherosclerosis progression to elicit how strongly low level of total bilirubin can prognose the disease progression. Methods. Using Pubmed search engine, all articles that included keywords “bilirubin” and “atherosclerosis” were retrieved. In total 67 search results emerged for the 2019-2023 timeline, the last 5 years.6 population-based studies that studied association between total bilirubin concentration and atherosclerosis development were used for the meta-analysis. Results. Increasing blood total bilirubin level seems to decrease the odds of developing atherosclerosis, meaning that there is an inverse correlation between total bilirubin level and arterial plaque formation or stenosis. Pooled odds ratio was found to be 0.86 (95% CI 0.83-0.9), suggesting that there is 14% decreased chance of developing atherosclerosis for each mmol/L increase in bilirubin levels. Overall, higher total serum bilirubin levels were associated with a significantly decreased risk of progression to atherosclerosis. Conclusion. The meta-analysis indicates a significant inverse association between low total bilirubin levels and the risk of developing atherosclerosis, suggesting that higher bilirubin levels may be protective against the progression of this disease.