Abstract
The article presents the main stages of the development and formation of the sports heart, from the beginning of the 17th century to our time. The authors proposed a step-by-step formation of a sports heart from 5 sections, starting with visual and physical methods of research, to modern instrumental methods of diagnostics of the cardiovascular system. The article details the changes in the diagnosis of the sports heart after electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and radiologic studies, and describes the corresponding changes in the cardiovascular system in athletes, arising from physiologic adaptation mechanisms and structural remodeling of the heart muscle. Moreover, this review provides information about the key names of domestic and foreign scientists according to the hierarchy of the formation of the physiological and pathological sports heart.