Abstract
The article investigated the conditions for the formation of moisture deficiency in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of northern Kazakhstan. The growth of moisture deficiencies affects the yield of grain crops. The work used statistical, cartographic, analytical, and analogy methods. The hydrological and climatic calculation method developed by V.S. Mezentsev and tested in Western Siberia and adjacent territories of Kazakhstan was used as the main method for obtaining the calculated heat and water balance characteristics of the studied territory. Meteorological data obtained at meteorological stations in agricultural areas was used as initial data. Using the regression equation, the dependence of cereal crop yield on humidification in the Akmola region and the estimated yield schedule for 2024 were built. On the territory of Northern Kazakhstan, quite close dependencies between the yield and the degree of humidification have been identified. The yield of grain crops in the Akmola region was influenced by a lack of moisture for 54%. In general, during the warm period of the average year, the soil moisture resources of the studied area are not able to provide favorable conditions for the appropriate growth and development of crops.