Abstract
Battery storage systems are essential components in the realm of renewable energy systems and electric vehicles, providing critical support in managing power supply and demand. However, a prevalent issue within these systems is charge imbalance among individual battery cells, which can lead to suboptimal power efficiency, reduced reliability, and potential safety hazards. Addressing this challenge, researchers have focused on developing battery equalization techniques to ensure uniform charge distribution. Among the various strategies, switched-capacitor-based battery equalizers have emerged as a promising solution due to their cost-effectiveness, compact design, and controllability. This paper delves into the analysis of several switched-capacitor-based battery equalizers, including conventional, two-level, modular, chain structure types I and II, series-parallel, and single switched-capacitor equalizers. The study begins with the formulation of mathematical models that simulate the charge and discharge cycles of these equalizers, providing insights into their operational mechanisms. The goal is to enhance the understanding of switched-capacitor equalizers, paving the way for advancements in battery management systems that optimize performance and extend battery life.