Abstract
Factors that determine the degree of development of wheat brown rust are the influence of temperature (the growth limits of uredospores are from 2 to 32 °C with an optimum of 15-20 °C) and the effect of a drop of liquid for at least 4-6 hours. Under favorable conditions, the causative agent of brown rust can reduce the yield of wheat by up to 45%, and in the case of epiphytotic development at the germination stage by 80-100%, and damage to the grain can reach 50%. In the North Kazakhstan, Kostanay and Akmola regions, epiphytotic brown rust of wheat was found in cereals, including triticale. For successful breeding, it is important to find new resistance genes in the host plant.Yellow rust of wheat is a disease that affects more than 20 species of cultivated and wild cereals, including wheat, rye, barley, wheatgrass, Aegilops and others. As a result, the development of stripe rust disease was detected in four wild and cultivated grain crops. It has been established that the sources of infection are wild species of grain crops.