Abstract
Global scarcity of water resources, ecological pollution and enlarged salinization of soil and water became a noticeable problem at the beginning of the 21st century. Soil pollution caused by industrial and agricultural activities is an environmental problem that poses serious threats to human health and ecosystems. This review provides, firstly soil salinity characteristics and salinity indicators. Secondly, we focused on saline areas in the world and causes of soil salinization. Thirdly, mapping and monitoring of soil salinity areas and improvement measures for saline soil tolerance. Fourthly, effect of salinity stress on plant and plant salinity response was discussed. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive overview on salinization of soil and presenting fundamental information for future research studies.