Abstract
Abstract Respecting and protecting children’s rights is essential to children’s fulfillment, especially for children with special needs who depend on adults’ assistance and special services. This chapter presents the findings of a qualitative study that explored the provision of education to children affected by nuclear tests in the Semipalatinsk region in Kazakhstan, the primary testing site for the Soviet Union’s nuclear weapons during the Cold War. Thirty participants were interviewed, including teachers, medical professionals, social workers, and civil activists. The study finds an underestimation of the role of education in sustainable peacebuilding. The adverse aftermath of nuclear testing in the region on children’s access to education was not considered during and after the closure of the nuclear test site. Children affected by the radiation left by nuclear tests have special needs in access to education, which policymakers need to consider ensuring inclusive education in Kazakhstan.