Abstract
This article defines approaches to understanding freedom as a social and philosophical category through the spectacle of Kazakh intellectuals of Alash Party and existentialist philosophers from France (A. Camus, J.P. Sartre), performs the comparison and comparative analysis of understanding the phenomenon of freedom. In the history of philosophical thought, the concept of freedom underwent a long evolution; it was a subject of deep scientific sensemaking. This scientific interest has persisted up to the present day. From the research point of view, we obtain not only means helping to make possible a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of freedom, but also an opportunity to understand our modern world. The ideological inspirer, the leader of the Alash party was Alikhan Bukeykhan. This is an outstanding personality in the history of our state, due to him and other representatives of the Kazakh intellectuals; the foundation of independence was laid. Philosophical concepts of French existentialists, J.P. Sartre and A. Camus, in the context of freedom problem cause deep research interest since they not only consider the essence of human freedom but also aspects of freedom manifestations under conditions of social changes.