Abstract
Water pollution by organic and inorganic compounds, heavy metals, dyes, radioactive and pharmaceutical compounds has a significant impact on its use. Globalization, structural changes, economic development around the world-all this contributes to the release of pollutants that cause water pollution. That is why wastewater treatment and recovery, removing pollutants from wastewater and wastewater, is one of the most important issues. This literature review examines the problems of water pollution, its sources and types of pollutants found in water, and also discusses purification methods, including methods of water purification from pollutants, in particular phenol, in the presence of nanocomposite catalysts. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to applied nanotechnology using magnetic and carbon nanocomposites due to the advantages of production cost, high surface area, pore volume and environmental sustainability. The literature review focuses on magnetic nanocomposite catalysts based on alternating and rare earth metals with advantages such as low cost of preparation for water disinfection, high surface area, pore volume and environmental resistance. Magnetic carbon nanocomposites usually demonstrate excellent adsorption characteristics of pollutants from aqueous solutions, therefore, the expansion of the use of nanotechnology in water purification is of great importance.