Abstract
The article analyzes the concept of “identity”. Within the framework of the history of the development of the concept, periodization is given in the form of two large stages, which include a set of different theories. A semantic explication and characterization of the main theories of identity is made. The semantic transformation of the concept of “identity” is traced in different philosophical directions and schools, as well as by different authors. A causal relationship is established between the understanding of identity and a specific historical socio-cultural situation. Within the framework of the article, identity is conceptualized not as a static entity, but as a dynamic mobile structure with the potential for recombination and reconfiguration. A correlation is made between identity as a topic of philosophical reflection and epistemological procedures of identity and distinction. The main problem is the problem of identity in modern Kazakhstani society, which, according to the author, lies in the divergence of objective socio-cultural circumstances (the reality of globalization) and internal factors that have a strong influence on self-determination (history, traditions, mentality). The fact is emphasized that the history of the Western world in its character, consistency, dynamics and partly purposefulness is not identical to the history of Kazakhstan. Therefore, linear modernization (building one's culture according to European patterns) is hindered by many endemic reasons that cannot simply be discarded as something outdated. In many ways, these endemic factors make up the originality of the national and cultural identity of the Kazakh society.