Abstract
This paper discusses the environmental problems of the Western region of the Republic of Kazakhstan and ways to solve them on the territory of test sites. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of radioactive waste from the "Azgyr and Naryn" landfill on the ecological situation in the regions. Because of the rapid development of the oil and gas industry, spacecraft launches, the environment of these regions was contaminated with decay products of various types of rocket fuel, nitrogenous compounds, heavy metals and other toxic substances. The article provides a theoretical analysis of statistical data on the assessment of the environmental situation in the surrounding areas in relation to the "Azgyr and Naryn" landfill. Thus, in the regions adjacent to the landfill, during the analyzed period, indicators were found that differ from the national average or control values, which in turn indicates the adverse impact on the environment and human health of radioactive emissions from the landfill and emissions of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen and hydrocarbons. The ecological consequences of a catastrophe are predetermined not only by the magnitude and nature of pollution, but also by the specific features of the polluted ecosystems themselves, considered as an object of external influence and requiring, taking into account these circumstances, special systematization. The prospects for resolving environmental problems depend not so much on the level of development of science and technology, but on the general ecological culture of the population, on the understanding of the sources, essence and ways of solving the current ecological crisis situation. Therefore, ecological education is considered as the basis for the formation of an ecological culture, an ecophilic attitude towards nature.