Abstract
At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, extensive works began in the world for the construction of railways, and for these works, the previous biography of land is necessary. William Smith was the first scientist. The rocks found in the Somerset region from the lower layers of the earth and belong to the Jurassic period (20–144 million years ago). He compared the rocks of the coastal areas of the northern seas and using these rocks, he drew a map of the past periods of the earth in England. Even so far, the stones that came from the lower layers of the earth represented its place, that is, by using those stones, William Smith not only made a map of the past of the earth, but also a map of the lower layers of the earth. This map has a special place in the knowledge of modern geology it helps us to create a table of the past periods. From the information contained in this map, we can see the underground layers and their contents, iron, coal, etc. even if it is in the middle of the ocean. Fossils are very valuable to us. By using fossils, humans can identify the living creatures of the past times and get to know their ways of life. It can also be done by using fossils to divide the age table of the earth into cycles first and then the cycles are divided into periods. For this reason, the previous age table is first divided into periods and then the periods are divided into periods. 1. Upper Carboniferous Period; 2. Lower Carboniferous Period; 3. Middle Jurassic Period; 4. Jurassic Period and 5. Triassic Period. Keywords: Period, fossils, Evolutionary modeling, extinction, Biodiversity and organisms.