Abstract
The main raw materials in the production of cement are carbonate and clay rocks, as well as some types of industrial and man-made waste. The bowels of Kazakhstan are rich in raw materials for the production of cement, but the reserves of high-quality natural raw materials are limited. In Kazakhstan, according to the Committee of Geology, 122 limestone deposits have been explored with a total balance of reserves of 480.2 million tons. Deposits of clay rocks are known in all regions of Kazakhstan. 1500 deposits of clay rocks have been explored. In addition, in many regions of the Republic there are multi-million dumps of industrial and man-made waste. Currently, the volume of accumulated industrial waste is more than 30 billion tons. The aim of our research is to study the possibility of using tephrite-basalt and lead slag as a substitute for the clay and iron-bearing component during clinker firing in the production of Portland cement.