Abstract
An article focuses on the historical realities that took place in the field of science in 1945-1980. On the one hand, there were successes in the opening the Academy of Sciences and their branches. But, on the other hand, political campaigns began. Lysenkoism forbade the practice of genetics. Bearers of ideas of a “bourgeois-nationalist” nature were found in all regions, including in the west of Kazakhstan. Ideological campaigns in research institutes, higher education institutions, and in groups of creative intelligentsia intensified suspicion, fear, the psychology of obedience and denunciation.