Abstract
The article deals with the medical care of children during World War II through the system of hospital and non-hospital care in Karaganda region. The struggle against epidemiological diseases has become one of the primary tasks of the doctors. Prevention of such diseases as measles, diphtheria, dysentery, whooping cough, etc. was carried out by vaccination, revaccination, strengthening of infant nutrition and other measures. Gastrointestinal diseases were also among the causes of infant mortality. The fight against gastrointestinal diseases was also an urgent task of the health authorities during the war years. Nurseries were a necessary measure of assistance to working women during the war. The nurseries were under the jurisdiction of the People's Commissariat of Health. The authorities carefully monitored the health of Soviet children, and prevented the mass spread of infectious and gastrointestinal infections among children of Karaganda region.