Abstract
In this chapter, we will discuss cancer as a disease of our genome, which is primarily caused by sporadic mutations of the DNA in our cells. In addition, like in most common diseases, we all carry inherited variations of our genome that determine our susceptibility to different types of cancer. The development of NGS methods allowed the systematic sequencing of the genomes of primary malignant tumors from up to 38 different cancer types. At present, cancer genome projects have identified 576 cancer driver genes on the basis of some 30,000 malignant tumors. Continuing these efforts to millions of sequenced cancer genomes will significantly improve our understanding of the tumorigenesis process and will allow more efficient precision oncology.