Abstract
The impact of rail transport on the environment is one of the major problems in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is well known that railway transport causes enormous harm to the environment, destroying natural relief during the construction of railways, pollution of water and air objects also creates physical pollution for people, and the operation of wagons and the transport of hazardous substances can lead to a high degree of pollution and land degradation. This study was aimed at identifying the ecological and economic problems of railway transport in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. For the analysis, materials and data on environmental protection were collected. The results showed that reducing the impact on the environment was achieved through measures of environmental legislation. This concerned the reduction of the use of liquid and solid fuels, the equipping of emission sources with the necessary purification equipment, the reconstruction of environmental protection facilities, and the development of regulatory and environmental documentation. Based on this, it is shown that the use of environmental technologies for practical purposes can ensure the effective functioning and operation of a natural resource user enterprise from an environmental and economic point of view.