Abstract
Any railway begins with a pegdriven in by tunnellers at the site of the future route. The construction of railways is very expensive and technologically complicated process, requiring a lot of skilled labor. Laying the route is a high art that requires not only professional knowledge from the prospector, but also a special intuition. The unique project of the first half of the 20thcentury, which connected Asia and Siberia, became a landmark event for Kazakhstan. Already in the second half of the 19thcentury, the laying of railway lines along the Kazakh steppe began. The unique project of the first half of the 20thcentury, which connected Asia and Siberia, became a landmarkevent for Kazakhstan. The construction of the Turkestan-Siberian Railway is proof of these events.From the beginning of construction, disagreements began, connected both with construction and with the use of labor. Infringement of the rights of local residents was noted, not only due to lack of qualifications, but also for poor knowledge of Russian. On this topic, a large number of materials were considered, as well as archival materials of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which were introduced into scientific circulation.