Abstract
Yersinioses are typical representatives of zoonotic infectious diseases. Yersinioses are wide spread without clearly delimited endemic territories. Yersinias (except Y.pestis) have neither specific hosts nor specific vectors, they can survive and reproduce in an abiotic environment – soil, rotting plant remains, etc. (which allows some authors to attribute them to sapronoses). Yersinia, under certain conditions, can survive, persist and even multiply in the environment (soil, water, feed), which, therefore, can act as a reservoir of infection through which pathogens can be transmitted from a sick host to a healthy one, maintaining stable circulation in both natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. Yersinia were isolated from almost all possible animals – mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians, from blood-sucking vectors (fleas, ticks) in different climatic and geographical zones. However, they are more “tied” to a humid and cool climate, or give rise to morbidity among hosts and humans in the cold and wet season – winter-spring, and are more often found at this time in rodents and farm animals. The source of Yersinioses for humans are -farm animals – indirectly (through animal products), less often – with direct contact; -synanthropic rodents, more often indirectly (through contaminated vegetables and fruits, salads, other foods consumed without thermal processing), rarely – with direct contact; -abiotic environmental factors (contaminated storage of meat and vegetables, water, soil); -but also a sick person (more often with close contact, for example, mother–child, children in closed institutions, nosocomial infections, etc., as well as sexually). According to the mechanism of infection, one or another clinical form of Yersinioses develops [1-4].