Abstract
The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the family and society of the Botai culture on the basis of archaeological materials. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are overdue: to identify the primitive cell of society; to describe transformations in society; to study the processes that influenced families and society; based on archaeological material to identify the properties of Botai society; to establish how the family and society affected the social structure and cultural and economic type. The study of the family and various societies of ancient periods in the history of mankind is an urgent topic of modern historiography. In this matter, based on the data of representatives of the Botai culture, the study of archaeological materials could contribute to the reconstruction of important moments in the history of the family and ancient society. The scientific relevance of this article is also due to the weak knowledge of the problem, which is revealed only at the junction of interdisciplinary research. In the course of the study, it was revealed that the family in Thai culture tends to develop in the direction of its cultural and economic type, dictated by a complex economy, the main basis of which was horse breeding.