Abstract
The article identifies the main trends in the development of education in Kazakhstan in the 20-30s of the twentieth century on the basis of the analysis of archival material. The author uses as an evidentiary argument the government resolutions on the management of the educational sphere in the 20-30s of the twentieth century, revealing the features of the development of this industry, analyzes the regional indicators of schools organized in the country, reflects their statistical data. Using the documentary base, it identifies the main reasons for the failure of plans to open schools. Examines the factors that hinder the development of education, such as the shortage of specialists and the low material and technical condition of schools. The article gives a specific description of how the leadership of those years tried to solve the problems that arose as much as possible, however, there was still a gap between the set plan and the specific work. This is especially noticeable in the training of specialists. It is noteworthy that the author highlights the merits of the national intelligentsia in providing schools with author’s textbooks and educational materials.