Abstract
The main task of the leaders of the Alash movement was the establishment of an independent national state. However, they could not come to this idea right away. They limited themselves to autonomy taking into account the position of their countries in the conditions of the Russian Empire. This is how the autonomy of Alashorda was formed in the Kazakh steppe. National politicians adhered to two options while determining the form of the Turkestan Muktariyat freedom. Some spoke out for the independence of the state, while others supported autonomy. Mustafa Shokai, at the head of the second, limited themselves to autonomy, since they knew well the consequences of the first option, being part of the Russian Empire. Therefore, the last decision on the form of statehood was left for consideration by the Turkestan Constituent Assembly. As you know, Turkestan Muktariyat existed for only two months and four days. The Soviet government considered it unnecessary, dismissed Muktariyat by force, and turned the city of Kokand to ashes. Mustafa Shokai had to go abroad. Being in Europe, he had to reconsider the liberation struggle, to replace “Autonomy” with “Independence”. This especially important concept became the banner of the struggle for an independent national state, which was systematically reflected in the works of Mustafa Shokai. The authors striving for a comprehensive study and clarification of the essence and content of these especially important ideals and conclusions has become the main topic of this article.