Abstract
This chapter examines recent information on microorganisms' potential for biotechnological processes focusing on pigments concerning the world's research results. It describes the fungal pigments showing their significance. The chapter then reviews recent reports focusing on their potential use and importance for human welfare. It demonstrates the importance of research on microbial pigments both for anthropic and natural systems. It is notable that with healthier lifestyles, and the growing market for natural food colorants worldwide, filamentous fungi have shown chemically diverse colorings. Most experiments investigating the effects of ascomycetous endophytes on host plants belong to fungi with pigmented septate hyphae, e.g., DSE, due to their easy visualization. They showed the effects of these microfungal endophytes on host plants ranging from negative to positive. An expensive component is used as an innovative therapeutic agent due to its pharmacological properties antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic.