Abstract
This article refers to documentary documents stored in archives, XX century. Historical analysis of the political struggle of the nation intelligentsia for national autonomy and their negotiations with the Soviet authorities, based on historical data from periodicals. We saw it as a legitimate continuation of the struggle for creation, as a result of a whole historical process. Methodology of the problem, Guided by the concept of a new historical thinking aimed at a new study of the topical issues of the formation of Soviet Kazakh autonomy in the history of Kazakhstan, the theoretical and methodological basis of the historical processes of the 1920s and the contradictions of the Alash intelligentsia. This is because the national policy of that time in the history was emerging «Soviet-style» of Kazakh state and was completely different from the nature of today’s Kazakhstan. The goal of the nation’s intelligentsia was open the eyes of the Kazakh people, awaken their political consciousness, equip them with knowledge, and achieve national-territorial autonomy within Russia by demanding national autonomy from the Russian administration as a whole. Their goal was to form the Alash party after the February Revolution, to form the Alashorda national government after the October Revolution, and to unite all Kazakh lands into one autonomy. Key words: Autonomy, Kazakh SSR, Nation, «Alash», «Alashorda», Bolshevik, Soviet, Russia, empire, political party, Provisional Committee, «Kazakh», «Aikap», «Great Turkestan».