Abstract
Language is a dynamic phenomenon. In the process of development, words are semantically interconnected, although they undergo some changes. Only the outward form of words tends to change. It is the duty of the philologist to identify these changes. The laws of economy of linguistic means that were discovered in recent years, the fusion phenomena, and the discovery of the sound of voices and loud voices helped to determine the cause of change in ancient words. As a result of the discoveries, it was possible to analyze any ancient word in Turkic languages. In the process of research exact examples have been taken from Kipchak group of Turkic languages i.e. Kazakh and Karakalpak languages, from the Karluk group of Turkic languages Uzbek, Uighur as well as Oguz group of Turkic languages i.e. Turkmen, Azerbaijan languages. This scientific article analyzes the organs of the body that perform the respiratory function and geographical and astronomical names. In particular, the throat, trachea, esophagus, moon, star, swamp, Venus. In modern Turkic languages, it can be seen that these words not only sounded differently or underwent phonetic changes, but also acquired a new meaning and formed terms from these words. The article gives a lot of information to young scientists who are studying language history. It deals with the theoretical problems of comparative Turkology and the ways how to apply them in practice.