Abstract
Climate change is one of the reasons influences to decline grain quality in Kazakhstan. This includes the growing threat of droughts and frosts during the growing season of wheat, increased winds, and climate contrast against the background of soil degradation (salinization, desertification) because of irrational use and disruption of the ecological balance in the biocenosis. The aim of this work is to obtain drought - resistant regenerant plants of spring soft wheat in in vitro culture and their seeds. The authors have introduced 10 domestic varieties of spring wheat into in vitro culture. Obtained morphogenetic callus of wheat have been cultivated on nutrient medium MS, with ttreatment of optimal concentrations of selective agents: polyethylene glycol 6000 - 5%; mannitol - 2%; NaCl – 0,5%. There have been determined the regenerative capacity of wheat genotypes. High morphogenetic potential was observed among 10 cultivars using 2% mannitol and 5% polyethylene glycol, which made up to 44,2% and 38,9%, respectively and characterizes there in vitro adaptive ability to drought. Seeds (R0-R1) of obtained wheat regenerant lines were produced. Structural analysis has been carried out for obtained regenerant plants from selective agents such as mannitol 2%, NaCl 0.5% and polyethylene glycol 5%. As a result, drought-resistant regenerant plants have been selected and grown to produce their seeds (R1).