Abstract
This article discusses the basic vocabulary of the Turkish languages in the linguistic aspect, whichhave ancient origins from the archetypes of the Saks, Gunas, Kipchaks, Turks. This basic vocabulary ofthe Turkish languages has been preserved to our time and is used in spoken and written form at differentlevels. In addition, the comparative lexicology of the Turkish languages analyzes the names of kinshiprelations, names of flowers, numerals, names of domestic animals, zoonyms and names of birds, alsonames of food, which constitute a single Turkish basic vocabulary. Given the broadness of this subject,the article deals only with somatisms and the name of natural phenomena. In modern Turkish languagesin the development of neologisms are not found generally accepted principles. Some Turkish languages,respectively, of phono-morpho-semantic specificity, use the semantic equivalent of neologisms, whileenriching their terminological fund. And such Turkish languages as Khakass, Chuvash, Kumyk accept borrowed words and neologisms from the languages of donors (dominants) in sound, without any phonetic,semantic changes.