Abstract
The article discusses the general theoretical and linguocultural aspects of the antonymous relationsstudy in different system languages. A review of the most common understandings and definitions of theterm «antonym» presented in modern linguistics is given. At the same time, the article develops to theconcept of a broad understanding of antonymy, according to which antonym relations include not onlywords of the same part of speech, but also different parts of speech and having different grammaticalfeatures and performing different semantic and syntactic functions.The material for the analysis was thewords and expressions that are part of antonymic relations in the Russian and Mongolian languages. Thisanalysis showed that, despite quite understandable differences, antonymy in the Russian and Mongolianlinguistic cultures obeys the general rules of categorization and conceptualization of reality, the rulesinherent in the human mind as a whole. The analysis also showed that the antonym is closely related toother categories of the lexical-semantic system of the language.