Abstract
Industrial factors, the forceful action of full elementary evolutionary processes can lead to qualitative transformations of the gene pool of populations. Observations in the field and experiments made itpossible to establish a previously unknown fact that complexes of soil animals with chronic irradiationwith doses of the order of 0,5-20 mSv/day experience clearly recorded oppression. Especially sensitiveare earthworms Eisenia fetida. Among the cells with chromosome structure disorders, chromosomaltype aberrations (67,04%) over chromatid (32,95%) prevailed, which indicates a predominant radiationexposure. The study of chromosomal aberrations in natural populations and the human body acquires aspecial practical and theoretical significance in connection with the influence of factors of the changinghabitat. But, an important element of the set of works to determine the degree of impact of the activitiesof radiation contaminated territory on the environment and public health is the conduct of ecologicalgenetic and medical-biological research in the region. The purpose of this publication – on the basic ofscientific research results to analyze the current state on the habitat of radiation-contaminated territoriesand the evaluation their genetically consequence of animal and human body.Key words: radiation, cytogenetic, ecology, chromosome, population.