Abstract
Of particular importance is the analysis of the situation around the hydrocarbon sphere, since oil and gas as natural resources are absent in many countries of the world. For Kazakhstan, located in the center of Eurasia, the availability of oil and gas resources is an important factor not only in the economy, but also in foreign policy. After all, it is well known that oil-producing countries acquire great interest in the functioning of modern international geopolitics. Moreover, between major world players there is a struggle for influence on them. In these conditions, Kazakhstan, after gaining independence, seeks to pursue its own foreign policy course, taking into account the particularities of the struggle of the interests of the leading powers. The article discusses the diplomatic efforts undertaken by Kazakhstan to determine the borders of the Caspian with neighboring states and the issues of efficient use of Caspian oil and gas in the country’s energy sector. In this regard, we aim to carry out a historical analysis of the position of Kazakhstan in the development of its hydrocarbon industry since the end of the twentieth century. The scientific significance of the work lies in the fact that the policy of our state in the oil and gas region of the Caspian is considered as a specific historical topic.