Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multi-pathogenesis chronic lung disease characterized by irreversible and progressive bronchial obstruction. An important role in the development of the disease belongs to the genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Although the pathogenesis of COPD is now not well understood, it is known that oxidative stress, imbalance of the proteolysis-antiproteolysis system, immune system disorders, impaired lung repair, and apoptosis dysfunction make a significant contribution to the disease. In this review, we discuss about various molecular and cellular mechanisms of COPD including airways inflammation. Special attention is paid to the role of miRNA in the development of COPD. It is considered the possibility of using microRNAs as new biomarkers and therapeutic tools for the diagnosis and treatment of COPD.