Abstract
Metropolitan area urbanization leads to increased pressure on the biosphere and the inability to reproduce the healthy population. Development of society in the future can go in two ways: technological and biosphere. Biosphere direction involves the development of the biosphere-oriented urban planning as a means of resolving the biosphere-social crisis. This will allow on the one hand to ensure the reproduction of biologically and mentally healthy population, and on the other to preserve and develop biocoenoses in areas where infrastructure for life and economic activities of people should be organized. The main condition for the preservation and development of the biocoenoses is the existence a network of nature reserves in the region. Design settlements should be carried out as a landscape and estate settlement with houses providing comfortable family life of several generations under one roof. The concept of biosphere-oriented urbanization and UNESCO biosphere reserves complement each other and may use common approaches. At the present time it is necessary to create one conceptual basis for the social-economic development based on those two independent concepts. It must take into consideration the conservation of biosphere that is aimed to develop intellectual and creative potential of every person. Biosphere-oriented urban planning with UNESCO Man and Biosphere concepts is the only way of existence and development where it is possible to conserve cultural and natural heritage of the humanity and share it with the future generations.