Abstract
In this work, we analyzed and summarized the available ideas about the mechanisms of kidney damage and the development of nephropathies in acute poisoning by basic exogenous nephrotoxins. Mechanisms of the toxic effects of alcohol, acetic acid and drugs on the kidneys and blood cells, as major targets, also the distribution of these nephrotoxins in the general structure of poisoning and the social significance of the problem are discussed in the article. The paper focuses on the search for existing contradictions and issues that require further study. Despite the prevalence of toxic nephropathy problem, number of studies devoted to this problem, the amount of early and late complications is increasing, and mortality still continues to be high. This fact determines the relevance of the issues about timely diagnosis of nephropathy, the study of mechanisms of its development and progression and prognostic criteria.