Abstract
This article discusses conceptual and theoretical bases of Islamist radicalism, the evolution of Islamist radicalism from its ideological origins to the modern sociopolitical doctrine. In addition, the article provides an overview of the Islamist radicalism background and causes and its modern projection. In the last decades Islamist radicalism, with its ideology and practice, as well as its extreme forms as extremism and terrorism become increasingly important in world politics. Islamic radicalism affects the political process and seriously destabilizes the global political situation. This contributes to a number of reasons, both internal and external nature. We can name just some of them. It is known that the sociopolitical instability rapidly grows in the Muslim world at the present time. This clearly speaks about the socalled «Arab spring», which is currently applied in many Muslim countries of the near and Middle East, and in which the increasing influence of radical Islamist organizations, various leftist groups and regimes that contribute to destabilization in these countries.