Abstract
The formation of the environmental situation of Aktobe region is influenced by several factors: the emissions and discharges of pollutants into the environment from the existing industry, motor vehicle emissions, the impact of man-made mineral formations, and the impact of historical pollution. This results in contamination of the natural environment – air, ground and surface water, soil and vegetation. Particularly noteworthy are the centers of historical pollution present in the region. In this regard, one of the pillars of sustainable development environmental protection system in the Republic of Kazakhstan is cleaning the territory of Kazakhstan from the historical pollution. The article is a review of numerous studies on the problem of identifying the major sources of pollution of groundwater Ilek river valley, methods of protection against pollution and the methods of cleaning contaminated groundwater and surface water from the appliance. Surface and underground water in the region as a result of industrial activities contain highly toxic compounds of boron. Analysis of these sources has allowed generating ideas about the nature of the dissemination of contaminated groundwater, changes in the level of pollution of groundwater and surface water, the proposed ways to clean polluted water and environmental risks for the population of the area in the absence of measures to clean up groundwater contamination from boron.