Abstract
Central Asia is rich in many continental lakes. The Aral Sea belonged to the category of large water reservoirs on Earth. Due to the unscientific and uncontrolled extraction of water for irrigation in Central Asia and Kazakhstan, which began in the 50-60s of last century, the water flow has shrunk in the Aral Sea, and in the 1980s has ceased. As a result of anthropogenic impacts on the basin ecosystem has led to negative consequences: soil salinization, desertification process and environmental changes.The article describes the change in the water balance in the Aral Sea basin related to anthropogenic impact, leading to negative environmental effects