Abstract
This article deals with the system of high accuracy positioning of backbone railway network infrastructure and mobile objects of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Using the developments of high accuracy satellite positioning systems and backbone geodetic networks for creating the system of high accuracy positioning in the railway field will allow determining coordinates of backbone network infrastructure and mobile objects and sites of defects revealed with high accuracy and, moreover, will possess the high degree of reliability of conducted measurements of railway infrastructure elements. High accuracy positioning can be provided by the implementation of reference GNSS stations along the backbone railways. The relevance of the study is that the project implementation will allow providing the high accuracy monitoring of defects and/or deviations of the rail track elements from design parameters, movement speed increase and railway transportation safety increase.