Abstract
The modern economy is called the economy of effective human capital, which emphasizes its main role in the development of the economy and society as a productive factor. Human capital is becoming the most important factor in the country's economic growth, the foundation of sustainable economic development. The article considers approaches to the definition of the concept and theoretical content of the category of human capital, its importance for the development of areas of science and practice. It is revealed that human capital is a necessary independent factor determining economic growth. The necessity of reflecting human capital in the system of accounting and reporting of firms is substantiated. The main problems of recognition of this most important factor of production are revealed, the directions of their further solution are determined. The scientific and practical necessity of introducing a new object of accounting and analysis of human capital is substantiated. The article contains information and conclusions that are of practical interest to firms.